Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually exhibits electromagnetic fields such as electric fields, magnetic fields and light, and is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction and gravitation.

Lightning is an electrostatic discharge that travels between two charged regions.

The word electromagnetism is a compound form of two Greek terms, ἤλεκτρον ēlektron, "amber", and μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos, which means "Μagnesian stone", a type of iron ore. Electromagnetic phenomena are defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual atoms and molecules in matter, and is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force. Electrons are bound by the electromagnetic force to atomic nuclei, and their orbital shapes and their influence on nearby atoms with their electrons is described by quantum mechanics. The electromagnetic force governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms.

There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. In classical electrodynamics, electric fields are described as electric potential and electric current. In Faraday's law, magnetic fields are associated with electromagnetic induction and magnetism, and Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.

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Keelektromagnetan ialah cabang fizik yang melibatkan kajian daya elektromagnet, sejenis interaksi fizikal yang berlaku antara zarah bercas elektrik. Daya elektromagnet biasanya mempamerkan medan elektromagnet seperti medan elektrik, medan magnet dan cahaya, dan merupakan salah satu daripada empat interaksi asas (biasanya dipanggil tentera) dalam alam semula jadi. Tiga interaksi asas lain adalah interaksi yang kuat, interaksi yang lemah dan graviti.

Kilat adalah nyahcas elektrostatik yang bergerak di antara kedua-dua rantau dikenakan.

Perkataan elektromagnetik adalah satu bentuk perkarangan dua istilah Greek, ἤλεκτρον Elektron, "ambar", dan μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos, yang bermaksud "batu Μagnesian", sejenis bijih besi. fenomena elektromagnet ditakrifkan dari segi daya elektromagnet, kadang-kadang dipanggil daya Lorentz, yang merangkumi kedua-dua elektrik dan kemagnetan sebagai manifestasi berbeza bagi fenomena yang sama.

Daya elektromagnet memainkan peranan utama dalam menentukan sifat-sifat dalaman kebanyakan objek yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan seharian. perkara biasa mengambil bentuk sebagai hasil daya antara molekul antara atom dan molekul dalam perkara, dan merupakan manifestasi daya elektromagnet. Elektron terikat dengan daya elektromagnet untuk nukleus atom, dan bentuk orbital mereka dan pengaruh mereka ke atas atom berdekatan dengan elektron mereka digambarkan oleh mekanik kuantum. Daya elektromagnet mengawal proses yang terlibat dalam kimia, yang timbul daripada interaksi antara elektron atom jiran.

Terdapat banyak penerangan matematik medan elektromagnet. Dalam elektrodinamik klasik, medan elektrik digambarkan sebagai keupayaan elektrik dan arus elektrik. Dalam undang-undang Faraday, medan magnet yang berkaitan dengan induksi elektromagnet dan kemagnetan, dan persamaan Maxwell menggambarkan bagaimana medan elektrik dan magnet dijana dan diubah oleh satu sama lain dan dengan caj dan arus.

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